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The site installation process consists of the following five steps:

  1. foundation
  2. outdoor
  3. indoor
  4. grounding
  5. Activation

1- Foundation: At first TSSR is received. Thereafter a first observation is made according to the TSSR provided. Only then we can finalize the spot. After finalizing the spot  the available map is implemented on the desired place. After a final observation the desired spot is completely flattened.

The next step consists of excavating the site basement. After the excavation step the container and tower molding is performed and consequently concrete molding of the tower and container is done.

After performing concrete molding, the excavation of the ground well and ground ring is preformed for grounding purposes. We could now install the container in the desired spot.

In this stage the tower for later outdoor tasks is installed.

2- Outdoor: The first task after tower installation should be the installation of the antenna structure according to desired antenna heights and also installation of the antennas which is provided by the FSR. Once the structure is accomplished antennas could be installed on it. The next step is feeder cabling. Feeders are vertically fixed in place with feeder clamps all the way from the antennas to the tower basement. As the feeders reach the feeder ladder they are appropriately bent to fit into the feeder window. There is a ground busbar just 50cm above the ladder which could be attached to the tower. At this time feeders are connected to the ground busbar by the ground kit. 

After the accomplishment of all the above, tower grounding must be pursued. Tower grounding is aimed to connect the entire tower to the ground.

3- Indoor: After the foundation phase, tower installation and outdoor tasks there comes the time to be in charge of BTS installation works. Indoor may convey any sort of closed environment such as a container, room ,….  First of all BTS rack is put in place based on the preplan provided. Rectifier racks as well as batteries and DC/AC panels are also placed appropriately. After all necessary components are placed ladders should be installed according to the feeder window position in the room.

N.B. Ladders must be placed far enough from the feeder window.

Feeders as well as other cables will then lie on the ladders all the way to the BTS  or any other component i.e. DC/AC panels.

4- Grounding: Grounding starts with excavation of the ground well. The second to be done is the digging of the ground ring which could be preceded by the insertion of a flat metal sheet deep into the well vertically placed to be in better contact with surroundings.  A copper wire is the placed on the ring and the other end goes into the well to be welded to the metal sheet. For ground kits, a busbar to busbar cable is used. IGB, EGB and container basement are crossed together and the tower is also connected to ground. After making all necessary connections,, salt and powder are poured onto the metal sheet and all other wires which could then be buried in the ground. Finally the well is filled up with earth.

5- Activation: First to be done in this phase is to connect the HDSL modems. Two modems are used in this regard. One at the site place and the other is a remote one in the telecom toll office. These two modems should be synchronized together. They are connected via a 2Mb paired wire. The final step in site activation is called site offline.

This phase consists of software manipulation of the BTS that depends on the TRX configuration. Different configurations are set via a computer and an appropriate link.

 BTS sites grounding system:

Due to provide completely safe environment for engineers technicians in the site and protect the sensitive equipments form unwanted voltages like lightning ,electrical shocks in power distribution network and static electricity, a grounding system is needed in the site place . This system will direct the unwanted currents form conductive bodies of equipments, towers and shelters to the ground with minimum possible impedance.

There are 3 grounding systems implemented on the BTS sites :

  1. grounding system for lightning protection
  2. grounding system for protecting feeders
  3. grounding system for protecting tower, shelter and equipment

the main part of each grounding system is the grounding bars that includes some electrodes that have direct contact to the earth .

In BTS sites it‘s necessary to have ground impedance less then 3ohms and all 3 systems should exist and be connected to each other in the ground or should have the same grounding bar.

Lighting protection grounding system:

Consists of 3 major parts

1. Lightning arrestor bar

2. The connector cable

3. The ground bar

- Lighting lightning arrestor bar:

* is made of pure copper

* At least 16 mm diameters

* should be connected firmly to the tower

*It should be long enough so the imaginary line connecting the head of it to the ground should cover all the equipments on the BTS sites with a 35degree angle.

  • If the equipment on the site is for apart an exclusive lighting have should be used for each part.

- The connector cable:

* 50 mm in diameter

* has minimum bending of  the cable through the path and bending with at least 30 cm radius 

*should be connected to the tower in the 1.5 meters distance.

* Better to be connected to the earth without bus bar .

* should be separated form feeders

-Feeder grounding system:

The cables should be connected to the bus bars and to the feeder with grounding kits.

The bus bars (EGB) should be connected to the tower near grounding kits

(1m distance).

1-1 to 1.5 meters below the waterproof bounding below the antenna.

2- 1 to 1.5 meters above the waterproof bounding at the bottom of tower.

3- if the tower is more than 30m there should be an extra one at the half  length of tower .

4. below the feeder window (0.8 m distance)

- Indoor equipments grounding system:

*A bus bar (IGB) under feeder window with a 35 mm cable that goes out of shelter.

*The equipments and metal structures should be connected to the IGB with a 25mm cable directed to the IGB with a PVC cover .

*For battery rack 35mm cable should be used.

*Each of the grounding cables of equipments should be connected to the IGB

Separately and should be in on piece.

 

-Tower grounding system:

The tower pieces and related parts should be connected firmly.

At least two of the main foots of tower should be ground with 35 mm cable .

Grounding bar :

-         vertical bar

-         horizontal bar

-         one or several bars rods or copper ropes that are buried in the depth of  0.5m to 1m (this system used when the impedance of earth is more than usual or when digging in high depth is impossible ).

-         vertical copper plate(500*500*5)  that is buried in the ground the well depth should at least be 3m and should reach the permanent moisture of earth .

- several grounding well is needed when one can not reach the necessary impedance .

-         Chemical materials should be employed around the grounding bar so it will reduce the ground impedance.

-         After implementing the grounding  and connecting it to the ground bar the impedance should be checked with megger to make sure it is less than 3ohms.

 
 

  Advantages
 

The most notable advantages of company in construction of  BTS sites is the speed and flexibility  of  the system the is the result of  standard managing system.

An example of  this is our turnkey projects in 5 province of country:

o       Tehran

o       Bushehr

o       Ahwaz

o       Khorasan

o       Fars

And also being able to perform all model sites and having working group in all phases of a turnkey project and also having the ability of supervisory projects in civil works.

 Technology

with our well trained staff and engineers, we have brilliant experiences in  performing BTS sites. for more detailed information please refer to the appendix A, table No.1.

Topcom is also active in the part of procurement and also has partners in this part too.

For more information refer to appendix A.(table of equipment providers)

For example you can find some standard for one type of the tower in bellow:

 

 Standard instructions for the installation of rooftop towers:

  1. All rooftop towers as well as related guys  must be bounded to the building.
  2. The existence of a user’s guide which is confirmed by MCCI for installation and mounting is mandatory.
  3. Tower type should be matched with the executive design.
  4. available components should be matched to the packing list and all inconsistencies such as appropriate galvanization, changes in parts,… must be reported to MCCI’s office of design and engineering as well as the provisioning office.
  5. Foundation place should be in accordance with the map(the map must be confirmed by MCCI’s office of design and engineering)
  6. the implementation of tower installation procedures must be as stated in the user’s guide.
  7. foundation and anchor bolts must be examined.
  8. under tower surface(space between foundation surface with the flinch surface) shall be set by the anchor bolt nipples.
  9. antenna structure shall be set up horizontally and in correct shape.
  10. antenna support rods should be installed vertically
  11. guyed cables shall be fastened seamlessly and in a circular order to satisfy minimum drag constraints
  12. the distance between guyed base to the tower shall be no less than half the tower height. If this minimum distance could not be reached, special provisions should be provided such as increasing the cable number to have a lower distance  between the tower and the guyed base.
  13. all parts of the grounding system should be implemented as stated in the grounding instructions
  14. photocell is installed on the tower and on a 1.5m height from the roof
  15. all tower lamp and photocell connections should be isolated to cancel water penetration or any possible electric shortcuts
  16. all tower structure support parts (clamps, crepies,… ) should be correctly fastened in place
  17. the tower shall be checked after installation
  18. length of screws used in the tower should be high enough to be three rows out of place
  19. the application of spring washers as well as flat in all screws is mandatory.
  20. anchor bolt screws shall have two nipples over the flinch surface
  21. photocell sensor should be headed east.

 Timing schedule

According to the model sites specified by our company's engineers 6 Timing schedules are given in the appendix A table No.2 .

These model sites are mostly affected by tower type. TOPCOM already has experience in all of  them  and can manage all kinds of model sites.The architectural plan of the sites is included to appendix B.

Outdoor Q.C. Manager

1. Check the outdoor department manager tasks step by step

2. Check the plans with outdoor department manager. And help him to complete the plan.

3. Check the project time table daily and report to Q.C. dep. manager

4. Check all of the sites after finishing and compare it with standards and report to Q.C dep.manager.

5. Evalution the quality of various executive teams and report to to Q.C. dep.manager.

6. Managing the outdoor Q.C personnel’s and doing coordination for them to visit the sites during executive period .when needs.

7. Making documents including pictures and reports from each site activities in the construction period.

Foundation Q.C. Manager

1. Check the foundation department manager tasks step by step

2. Check the plans with foundation department manager presents. And help him to complete the plan.

3. Check the project time table daily and report to Q.C.

dep.manager

4. Check all of the sites after finishing and compare it with standards and report to Q.C dep.manager.

5. Evolution the quality of various executive teams and report to to Q.C. dep. manager.

6. Managing the foundation Q.C personnel’s and doing coordination for them to visit the sites during executive period .when needs.

7. Making documents including pictures and reports from each site activities in the construction period.